Dry volume measures the 3-dimensional bulk capacity of granular agricultural solids (such as corn, wheat, soybeans, apples, berries, potatoes, seeds, and soil) as distinct from liquid fluid standards. Across grain commodity trading, fruit harvesting, forestry seed management, and biblical historical analysis, dry volume relies on three major measurement systems: the International System of Units (SI metric: Liters, Cubic Decimeters), Anglo-American agricultural units (US Bushels, UK Imperial Bushels, US Pecks, UK Pecks, US Dry Quarts, US Dry Pints, US Dry Barrels), and Ancient Near East Biblical dry measures (Cor / Homer, Ephah, Seah, Omer, Cab, Log).
Our free online Volume – Dry Converter provides instant, high-precision conversions across all metric, US customary dry, UK imperial dry, and biblical dry capacity units:
- US Bushels to Liters: Multiply bushels by
35.23907017(1 US bu = 35.23907 L = 2,150.42 cu in = 4 US pecks = 32 US dry quarts). - UK Imperial Bushels to Liters: Multiply UK bu by
36.36872(1 UK bu = 36.36872 L = 2,219.36 cu in = 1.032057 US bushels). - US Pecks to Dry Quarts: Multiply pecks by
8(1 US peck = 8.809768 L = 8 US dry quarts = 16 US dry pints). - US Dry Quarts to Liters: Multiply dry quarts by
1.10122094(1 US dry qt = 1.101221 L = 67.2006 cu in = 1.16365 US liquid quarts). - US Dry Pints to Milliliters: Multiply dry pints by
550.61047(1 US dry pt = 0.550610 L = 550.61 mL = 33.6003 cu in). - Biblical Homer / Cor to Liters:
1 Homer (Cor) = 219.999989 L (220.0 L = 10 Ephahs = 100 Omers = 6.243 US bushels).
Master Dry Volume Unit Conversion Table
The table below displays exact physical relationships, SI volume multipliers, and US Customary / Imperial equivalents relative to 1 Liter (1 dm³):
| Dry Volume Unit Name | Symbol | Exact Value in Liters (L) | US Dry Bushel & Cubic Inch Equivalent | Domain & System Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Liter | L, dm³ |
1.0 L (1,000 mL) |
0.028378 bu US (61.0237 cu in / 0.90808 dry qt) | SI Metric Base Volume Unit |
| 1 US Dry Bushel | bu (US) |
35.23907017 L (35.239 L) |
1.0 bu US (2,150.42 cu in / 4 pk US / 32 qt dry) |
US Commodity Grain & Crop Trading Standard |
| 1 UK Imperial Bushel | bu (UK) |
36.36872000 L (36.369 L) |
1.032057 bu US (2,219.36 cu in / 4 pk UK) |
British Imperial Agricultural Unit |
| 1 US Peck | pk (US) |
8.80976754 L (8.8098 L) |
0.25 bu US (537.605 cu in / 8 dry qt) |
US Fruit Orchard Basket & Produce Measurement |
| 1 UK Imperial Peck | pk (UK) |
9.09218000 L (9.0922 L) |
0.258014 bu US (554.84 cu in) | British Imperial Produce Unit |
| 1 US Dry Quart | qt dry (US) |
1.10122094 L (1,101.22 mL) |
0.03125 bu US (67.2006 cu in / 2 dry pt) | US Produce Retail Clamshell & Berry Container |
| 1 US Dry Pint | pt dry (US) |
0.55061047 L (550.61 mL) |
0.015625 bu US (33.6003 cu in / 0.5 dry qt) | US Fresh Market Small Fruit & Seed Pack |
| 1 US Dry Barrel | bbl dry (US) |
115.62712360 L (115.63 L) |
3.281219 bu US (7,056.0 cu in / 105 dry qt) |
US Statutory Produce Barrel (Cranberry/Apple) |
| 1 Biblical Cor / Homer | Cor, Homer |
219.999989 L (220.0 L) | 6.243075 bu US (13,425.3 cu in / 10 Ephahs) |
Ancient Hebrew Bulk Agricultural Storage Capacity |
| 1 Biblical Ephah | Ephah |
21.999999 L (22.0 L) | 0.624308 bu US (1,342.53 cu in / 10 Omers) | Ancient Hebrew Grain Transaction Measure |
| 1 Biblical Seah | Seah |
7.333333 L (7.333 L) | 0.208103 bu US (447.51 cu in / 3.333 Omers) | Ancient Household Flour & Meal Measure |
| 1 Biblical Omer | Omer |
2.19999989 L (2.20 L) | 0.062431 bu US (134.25 cu in / 1.998 dry qt) | Ancient Manna Daily Portion Baseline (Exodus) |
| 1 Biblical Cab (Kab) | Cab |
1.222222 L (1,222.22 mL) | 0.034684 bu US (74.585 cu in / 4 Logs) | Ancient Small Grain Measure |
| 1 Biblical Log | Log |
0.305556 L (305.56 mL) | 0.008671 bu US (18.646 cu in / 0.555 dry pt) | Ancient Smallest Hebrew Liquid/Dry Measure |
Step-by-Step Calculation Example
To convert an orchard harvest of 12.5 US Bushels of apples into Liters (L) and US Pecks (pk):
12.5 bu US × 35.23907017 = 440.488 Liters (440.49 L)
12.5 bu US × 4 = 50 US Pecks (50 pk US)
Thus, 12.5 US bushels of apples equals 440.49 Liters (or 50 US pecks / 400 US dry quarts).
Real-World Agricultural & Historical Dry Volume Benchmarks
Below is a comparative reference chart showing dry capacity measures across fruit market clamshells, orchard baskets, grain bushels, and ancient storage jars:
| Dry Volume Container / Standard | Capacity in Metric Units (L / mL) | Capacity in US Dry Units (bu / pk / qt) | Agricultural & Trade Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Produce Retail Pint Clamshell | 550.61 mL (0.5506 L) | 1.0 US Dry Pint (33.6 cu in) | Standard retail container for fresh raspberries and blackberries |
| Fresh Blueberry / Strawberry Quart Clamshell | 1.1012 L (1,101.2 mL) | 1.0 US Dry Quart (2 dry pints / 67.2 cu in) | Standard grocery store berry basket volume |
| Apple Orchard Farmer Market Peck Basket | 8.8098 L (8,809.8 mL) | 1.0 US Peck (8 dry quarts / 0.25 bushels) | Traditional farm stand hand-picked apple basket capacity |
| Commercial Grain Bushel (Corn / Wheat) | 35.2391 L (0.03524 m³) | 1.0 US Bushel (2,150.42 cu in / 1.2445 ft³) | Commodity grain trade unit (56 lbs corn / 60 lbs wheat) |
| US Statutory Cranberry / Produce Barrel | 115.627 L (0.1156 m³) | 3.2812 US Bushels (7,056 cu in / 105 dry qt) | Standard US legal dry wooden barrel for fruits and vegetables |
| Biblical Homer / Cor Bulk Storage Vessel | 220.0 L (0.220 m³) | 6.243 US Bushels (10 Ephahs / 100 Omers) | Ancient Near East estate grain harvest storage jar capacity |
History & Standards: 1266 Winchester Bushel vs. 1824 British Imperial Bushel vs. Biblical Ephah & Omer
The 1266 Winchester Bushel
Under the Assize of Bread and Ale (1266) enacted by King Henry III of England, the Winchester bushel was codified as 8 Winchester gallons (defined as a cylinder 18.5 inches in interior diameter and 8 inches deep, enclosing 2,150.42 cubic inches). When the US Treasury standardized weights and measures in 1836, it adopted the 1266 Winchester bushel as the official US Customary Bushel (35.23907 Liters).
The 1824 British Imperial Bushel
In 1824, the British Parliament enacted the Weights and Measures Act, abolishing the Winchester bushel in the United Kingdom. The new Imperial Bushel was defined as the volume of 80 pounds of distilled water at 62 °F (or exactly 8 Imperial gallons = 2,219.36 cubic inches = 36.36872 Liters), making the UK Imperial bushel approximately 3.2% larger than the US bushel.
Ancient Near East Biblical Dry Standards
In ancient Israel and the Levant, grain trading relied on a duodecimal-decimal system documented in the Hebrew Scriptures (Exodus, Leviticus, Ezekiel). The base daily ration of manna per person was 1 Omer (2.2 Liters). Ten Omers constituted 1 Ephah (22.0 Liters), and ten Ephahs comprised 1 Homer or Cor (220.0 Liters), establishing one of history’s earliest recorded agricultural dry capacity systems.
Popular direct conversions:
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How many Liters are in 1 US Bushel?
There are exactly 35.23907 Liters in 1 US Customary Bushel (or 2,150.42 cubic inches).
What is the difference between a US Bushel and a UK Imperial Bushel?
A US Bushel equals 35.23907 Liters (2,150.42 cu in based on the old 1266 Winchester bushel), while a UK Imperial Bushel equals 36.36872 Liters (2,219.36 cu in based on the 1824 Imperial gallon standard), making the UK bushel 3.206% larger.
How many dry quarts are in 1 US Peck?
There are exactly 8 US dry quarts (or 16 dry pints / 8.80977 Liters) in 1 US Peck.
How is a US Dry Quart different from a US Liquid Quart?
A US Dry Quart equals 1.101221 Liters (67.2006 cu in), whereas a US Liquid Quart equals 0.946353 Liters (57.75 cu in). A dry quart is approximately 16.37% larger than a liquid quart.
What is a Biblical Ephah and Omer in modern metric units?
An ancient Hebrew Ephah equals approximately 22.0 Liters (0.6243 US bushels), and 1 Omer (which is 1/10th of an Ephah) equals approximately 2.2 Liters (2,200 mL).