Electric Conductivity Converter
Print pageAll Equivalents Reference Table
| Unit | Equivalent Value |
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Electric Conductivity (also known as Specific Electrical Conductance, Material Conductive Permeability, Ionic Charge Flow Mobility, or Bulk Ohmic Transmission Rate, symbolized by σ or κ) measures the intrinsic physical ability of a material to conduct electric current per unit cross-sectional area and unit length (σ = 1 ÷ ρ = J ÷ E = n · e · μe + p · e · μh, where ρ is resistivity in ohm-meters, J is current density in A/m2, E is electric field strength in V/m, n and p are electron and hole carrier concentrations, e is elementary charge, and μe is carrier mobility). Across International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) wire purity verification, aluminum alloy smelting, municipal water quality monitoring, oceanographic salinity profiling, aviation jet fuel static charge dissipation safety control, and semiconductor wafer carrier transport modeling, electric conductivity is categorized across four major engineering unit families: International System of Units (SI metric fundamental: Siemens per Meter / S/m, Megasiemens per Meter / MS/m, Millisiemens per Centimeter / mS/cm, Microsiemens per Centimeter / μS/cm, Picosiemens per Meter / pS/m), Traditional Engineering units (Mho per Meter / mho/m, Mho per Centimeter / mho/cm), CGS Electromagnetic System units (Abmho per Meter / abmho/m, Abmho per Centimeter / abmho/cm), and CGS Electrostatic System units (Statmho per Meter / stmho/m, Statmho per Centimeter / stmho/cm).
Our free online Electric Conductivity Converter provides instant, high-precision conversions across all SI metric, IACS copper, CGS electromagnetic, and fuel static dissipation conductivity units:
- Mho per Meter to Siemens per Meter [SI Fundamental Identity]:
1 mho/m = 1.0 S/m(100% mathematically identical derived SI base unit). - Mho per Centimeter to S/m & mS/cm [Lab & Metallurgy Standard]: Multiply mho/cm by
100.0(1 mho/cm = 100.0 S/m = 100,000.0 mS/m = 1,000.0 mS/cm ⇒ 1 S/m = 0.01 mho/cm). - Picosiemens per Meter (pS/m) to S/m [Fuel Static Dissipation Standard]: Multiply pS/m by
1.0 × 10-12(1 pS/m = 1.0 × 10-12 S/m = 1.0 × 10-10 μS/cm ⇒ 1 S/m = 1,000,000,000,000.0 pS/m = 1.0 × 1012 pS/m). - Abmho per Centimeter to S/m & mho/cm [CGS Electromagnetic Standard]: Multiply abmho/cm by
100,000,000,000.0(1 abmho/cm = 1.0 × 1011 S/m = 1.0 × 109 mho/cm ⇒ 1 S/m = 1.0 × 10-11 abmho/cm). - Abmho per Meter to S/m [CGS Electromagnetic Metric]: Multiply abmho/m by
1,000,000,000.0(1 abmho/m = 1.0 × 109 S/m = 10,000,000.0 mho/cm ⇒ 1 S/m = 1.0 × 10-9 abmho/m). - Statmho per Meter to S/m & pS/m [CGS Electrostatic Standard]: Multiply stmho/m by
1.112653456 × 10-12(1 stmho/m = 1.11265 × 10-12 S/m = 1.11265 pS/m ⇒ 1 S/m = 8.98755 × 1011 stmho/m).
Master Electric Conductivity Conversion Table
The table below displays exact mathematical conversion relationships, SI Siemens per Meter (S/m) multipliers, and Mho per Centimeter (mho/cm) equivalents relative to 1 Siemens per Meter (1 S/m = 1.0 mho/m = 0.01 mho/cm = 10 mS/cm = 10,000 μS/cm = 1012 pS/m):
| Electric Conductivity Unit Name | Symbol | Exact Value in Siemens/meter (S/m) | mho/cm, mS/cm & pS/m Equivalent | Domain & Technical Application Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Siemens per Meter (Base SI Unit) | S/m, Ω-1·m-1 |
1.0 S/m (Base SI Unit) |
0.01 mho/cm (10.0 mS/cm / 10,000.0 μS/cm / 1.0 × 1012 pS/m) |
SI Fundamental Base Unit of Intrinsic Electrical Conductivity |
| 1 Mho per Meter | mho/m |
1.0 S/m (Identical to S/m) |
0.01 mho/cm (1.0 S/m / 10.0 mS/cm / 1.0 × 1012 pS/m) |
Traditional Engineering Conductivity Unit |
| 1 Mho per Centimeter | mho/cm |
100.0 S/m (102 S/m) |
1.0 mho/cm (1,000.0 mS/cm / 1,000,000.0 μS/cm / 1.0 × 1014 pS/m) |
Metallurgical Metal Conductor (Copper/Silver) Standard |
| 1 Picosiemens per Meter | pS/m |
1.0 × 10-12 S/m |
1.0 × 10-14 mho/cm (1.0 × 10-10 μS/cm / 1.0 pS/m) | Aviation Jet Fuel & Solvent Static Charge Safety Standard |
| 1 Abmho per Centimeter | abmho/cm |
100,000,000,000.0 S/m (1011 S/m) |
1,000,000,000.0 mho/cm (1.0 × 109 mho/cm / 1.0 × 1011 S/m) | CGS Electromagnetic System Specific Conductivity Unit |
| 1 Statmho per Meter | stmho/m |
1.11265346 × 10-12 S/m |
1.11265 × 10-14 mho/cm (1.11265 pS/m / 1.0 stmho/m) | CGS Electrostatic System Conductivity Unit |
Step-by-Step IACS Copper Wire & Jet Fuel Static Safety Calculation Example
To calculate the electric conductivity (σ) of a high-purity commercial copper wire rated at 101% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) at 20°C (resistivity ρ = 1.707 × 10-8 Ω·m), and calculate the static dissipation conductivity of an aviation jet fuel sample measuring 250 Picosiemens per Meter (250 pS/m) into Siemens per Meter (S/m), Megasiemens per Meter (MS/m), Mho per Centimeter (mho/cm), and Microsiemens per Centimeter (μS/cm):
Step 1 (IACS Copper Conductivity Calculation): σcopper = 1 ÷ ρ = 1 ÷ (1.707 × 10-8 Ω·m) = 58,582,308 Siemens per Meter (58.582 MS/m)
Step 2 (Copper Mho/cm Conversion): σcopper = 58.582 × 106 S/m ÷ 100 = 585,823.08 Mho per Centimeter (585,823 mho/cm)
Step 3 (Jet Fuel Conductivity Conversion to S/m): σfuel = 250 pS/m × 1.0 × 10-12 = 2.50 × 10-10 Siemens per Meter (2.50 × 10-10 S/m)
Step 4 (Jet Fuel μS/cm Conversion): σfuel = 2.50 × 10-10 S/m × 10,000 = 0.0000025 Microsiemens per Centimeter (2.50 × 10-6 μS/cm)
Thus, the 101% IACS copper wire exhibits a conductivity of 58.58 MS/m (585,823 mho/cm), while the jet fuel static dissipation measures a safe 250 pS/m (2.50 × 10-10 S/m).
Real-World Material & Electrolyte Conductivity Benchmarks
Below is a comparative reference chart showing electric conductivity values (σ) across metals, seawater, pure water, and aviation fuels:
| Physical Material / Liquid Electrolyte | Electric Conductivity in S/m | MS/m, mho/cm & pS/m Equivalent | Metallurgy & Industrial Safety Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pure Silver Metal (Highest Metallic Conductor at 20°C) | 6.30 × 107 S/m (63.0 MS/m) | 630,000.0 mho/cm (108% IACS standard) | Highest electrical conductivity of any element at room temp |
| Pure Annealed Copper Wire (100% IACS Standard at 20°C) | 5.80 × 107 S/m (58.0 MS/m) | 580,000.0 mho/cm (100% IACS baseline rating) | International Annealed Copper Standard baseline reference |
| Electrical Conductor Grade Aluminum Metal (EC Grade) | 3.77 × 107 S/m (37.7 MS/m) | 377,000.0 mho/cm (65% IACS standard) | High-voltage overhead power grid aluminum wire rating |
| Seawater High-Salinity Marine Electrolyte (3.5% NaCl) | 5.0 S/m (0.050 mS/cm) | 0.050 mho/cm (50,000.0 μS/cm = 50.0 mS/cm) | Oceanographic ionic salinity electrical conductivity |
| Deionized Ultra-Pure Laboratory Water (at 25°C) | 5.5 × 10-6 S/m (0.055 μS/cm) | 0.000000055 mho/cm (55,000.0 pS/m) | Theoretical maximum purity un-ionized water conductivity |
| Aviation Jet Fuel Static Dissipation Safe Range | 5.0 × 10-11 – 6.0 × 10-10 S/m | 50.0 – 600.0 pS/m (0.0005 – 0.006 μS/cm) | ASTM D2624 jet fuel static dissipation anti-spark safety limit |
History & Physics: 1913 IACS 100% Copper Standard vs Semiconductor Charge Mobility
1913 International Annealed Copper Standard (100% IACS = 58.0 MS/m)
In 1913, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) established the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS), defining 100% IACS conductivity as exactly 1 ÷ 58 Ohm-millimeter2/meter = 58.0 Megasiemens per Meter (58.0 MS/m = 580,000 mho/cm) at 20°C. Thanks to modern electrolytic refining techniques, modern high-purity copper conductors reach 101% to 102% IACS (58.58 to 59.16 MS/m).
Microscopic Charge Carrier Mobility Model (σ = n · e · μe)
In semiconductor physics and electrochemistry, electrical conductivity is governed by charge carrier mobility: σ = n · e · μe + p · e · μh (where n is electron density, p is hole density, e = 1.60218 × 10-19 C is elementary charge, and μe is carrier mobility in m2/(V·s)). This equation proves why doping silicon with donor atoms dramatically increases electrical conductivity σ by orders of magnitude.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How do you convert Siemens per Meter (S/m) to Mho per Centimeter (mho/cm)?
To convert S/m to mho/cm, divide S/m by 100 (multiply by 0.01). For example, pure copper at 58,000,000 S/m ÷ 100 = 580,000.0 mho/cm.
How do you convert Picosiemens per Meter (pS/m) to Siemens per Meter (S/m)?
To convert pS/m to SI S/m, multiply pS/m by 1.0 × 10-12 (divide by 1,000,000,000,000). For example, 250 pS/m = 2.50 × 10-10 S/m.
What does 100% IACS copper conductivity mean?
100% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) represents a baseline electrical conductivity of 58.0 Megasiemens per Meter (58.0 MS/m = 58,000,000 S/m = 580,000 mho/cm) at 20°C, set in 1913.
Why is conductivity measured in pS/m for aviation jet fuels?
Aviation jet fuels must maintain static dissipating conductivity between 50 and 600 pS/m (ASTM D2624) to safely bleed off dangerous static charges generated during high-speed fuel pumping, preventing catastrophic spark explosions.