Magnetic Flux Density Converter
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| Unit | Equivalent Value |
|---|
Magnetic flux (symbolized by Φ or ΦB) measures the total magnetic field passing normally through a given surface area. In physics, electromagnetism, and electrical machine design, magnetic flux links magnetic field strength (Tesla or Gauss) with surface area (square meters or square centimeters). In the International System of Units (SI), magnetic flux is measured in Webers (Wb) or volt-seconds (V·s), whereas traditional CGS electrodynamics uses Maxwells (Mx) or lines of force, and quantum superconductivity uses the magnetic flux quantum (Φ0).
Our free online Magnetic Flux Converter provides instant, high-precision conversions across all SI, CGS, engineering, and quantum flux units:
- Webers to Maxwells: Multiply Webers by
100,000,000(1 Wb = 108 Mx). - Maxwells to Webers: Multiply Maxwells by
0.00000001(1 Mx = 10-8 Wb). - Webers to Volt-Seconds:
1 Wb = 1 V·s(exact 1:1 Faraday equivalence). - Webers to Tesla Square Meters:
1 Wb = 1 T·m²(exact 1:1 SI area equivalence). - Webers to Magnetic Flux Quanta (Φ0): Divide Webers by
2.06783461 × 10-15.
Master Magnetic Flux Unit Conversion Table
The table below displays exact relationships, SI power multipliers, and CGS equivalents relative to 1 Weber (Wb):
| Magnetic Flux Unit | Symbol | Exact Value in Webers (Wb) | Equivalent in Maxwells (Mx) | System Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Weber | Wb |
1.0 Wb |
100,000,000 Mx (108 Mx) |
SI Base Derived Unit |
| 1 Milliweber | mWb |
0.001 Wb (10-3 Wb) | 100,000 Mx | SI Decimal Submultiple |
| 1 Microweber | μWb |
0.000001 Wb (10-6 Wb) | 100 Mx | SI Decimal Submultiple |
| 1 Volt Second | V·s |
1.0 Wb |
100,000,000 Mx | SI Faraday Electromagnetic Unit |
| 1 Tesla Square Meter | T·m² |
1.0 Wb |
100,000,000 Mx | SI Field-Area Product |
| 1 Tesla Square Centimeter | T·cm² |
0.0001 Wb (10-4 Wb) | 10,000 Mx | Hybrid Metric Unit |
| 1 Megaline | megaline |
0.01 Wb (10-2 Wb) | 1,000,000 Mx | Traditional Engineering Unit |
| 1 Kiloline | kiloline |
0.00001 Wb (10-5 Wb) | 1,000 Mx | Traditional Engineering Unit |
| 1 Maxwell (or 1 Line) | Mx, line |
0.00000001 Wb (10-8 Wb) | 1.0 Mx |
CGS Electromagnetic Unit |
| 1 Gauss Square Centimeter | G·cm² |
0.00000001 Wb (10-8 Wb) | 1.0 Mx |
CGS Field-Area Product |
| 1 Unit Pole (CGS Strength) | unit pole |
1.25663706 × 10-7 Wb | 12.5663706 Mx (4π Mx) | Classical Magnetostatic Unit |
| 1 Magnetic Flux Quantum | Φ0 |
2.06783461 × 10-15 Wb | 2.06783461 × 10-7 Mx | Fundamental Physical Constant |
Step-by-Step Calculation Example
To convert 500,000 Maxwells (Mx) into SI Webers (Wb):
500,000 Mx × 10-8 Wb/Mx = 0.005 Webers = 5.0 mWb
Thus, 500,000 Maxwells equal exactly 0.005 Webers (5 milliwebers).
Electromagnetic Application & Quantum Physics Scale Matrix
Below is a summary of real-world magnetic flux magnitudes across power engineering, medical imaging, astrophysics, and quantum devices:
| Physical System / Application | Magnetic Flux in Webers (Wb) | Equivalent in Maxwells (Mx) | Physical Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| SQUID Magnetometer Sensitivity | ~10-18 Wb | 10-10 Mx | Detects minute biomagnetic brain impulses |
| Single Magnetic Flux Quantum (Φ0) | 2.0678 × 10-15 Wb | 2.0678 × 10-7 Mx | Fundamental flux threading a superconductor ring (h / 2e) |
| Earth’s Field Through 1 m² Loop | 50 μWb (5 × 10-5 Wb) | 5,000 Mx (5 Kilolines) | Geomagnetic flux at surface (~50 μT through 1 m²) |
| Power Transformer Iron Core | 0.015 Wb (15 mWb) | 1,500,000 Mx (1.5 Megalines) | 1.5 Tesla flux density in 0.01 m² laminated steel core |
| Medical 3.0 Tesla MRI Scanner Bore | 3.0 Wb | 300,000,000 Mx (300 Megalines) | 3.0 T field through 1.0 m² patient magnet opening |
History & Standards: Wilhelm Weber vs. James Clerk Maxwell vs. Quantum Flux
Wilhelm Weber and the SI Unit (1933 / 1948)
The SI unit of magnetic flux is named after German physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804–1891), who co-invented the first electromagnetic telegraph with Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1833. The unit Weber (Wb) was proposed by Giovanni Giorgi in 1901, adopted by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 1933, and officially ratified by the 9th CGPM in 1948.
James Clerk Maxwell and CGS “Lines of Force” (1930)
In 19th-century classical field theory, Michael Faraday visualised magnetic fields as physical lines of force. In 1930, the International Electrotechnical Commission named the CGS unit of flux the Maxwell (Mx) in honor of Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), who formulated the fundamental Maxwell’s equations of electrodynamics. 1 Maxwell is defined as exactly 1 Gauss square centimeter (1 G·cm²), which equals 10-8 Webers.
Superconductivity and the Magnetic Flux Quantum (1961)
In 1961, physicists Bascom Deaver, William Fairbank, Richard Doll, and Martin Näbauer experimentally confirmed that magnetic flux passing through a closed superconducting ring is quantized in integer multiples of the magnetic flux quantum: Φ0 = h / (2e) ≈ 2.06783461 × 10-15 Wb. This quantum constant underpins Josephson junction quantum computing and SQUID magnetometry.
For electrical power calculations, visit our Electricity Calculator or check wattages on our Power Calculator. For general scientific unit transformations, explore our Conversion Calculator.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How many Maxwells (Mx) are in 1 Weber (Wb)?
There are exactly 100,000,000 Maxwells (108 Mx) in 1 Weber (Wb).
Why is 1 Weber equal to 1 Volt Second (V·s)?
According to Faraday’s Law of Induction, an electromotive force (EMF) of 1 Volt is induced in a circuit when the magnetic flux linking the circuit changes at a rate of 1 Weber per second. Therefore, 1 Wb = 1 V·s.
What is the value of 1 Magnetic Flux Quantum (Φ0)?
The magnetic flux quantum is equal to 2.06783461 × 10-15 Webers (or 2.06783461 × 10-7 Maxwells).
What is a “line of force” in magnetic flux?
In historical CGS terminology, 1 “line” of magnetic flux is identical to 1 Maxwell (Mx), representing 10-8 Webers.