Magnetic Flux Converter
Print pageAll Equivalents Reference Table
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Magnetic Flux (also known as Total Magnetic Induction Surface Field, Magnetic Line Linkage, Inductive Surface Integral, or Electromagnetic Flux Magnitude, symbolized by Φ or Φm) measures the total quantitative surface integral of magnetic flux density (B) passing perpendicularly through a given enclosed surface area (A) (Φ = &iint; B · dA = B · A · cos(θ) = ∫ V · dt, where B is magnetic flux density in teslas or gauss, A is cross-sectional surface area in square meters or square centimeters, θ is angle relative to surface normal, V is induced voltage in volts, and t is time in seconds). Across high-power electrical grid transformer core design, electric vehicle motor stator pole flux linkage, SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) ultra-sensitive magnetometry, high-frequency RF ferrite core transformers, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) superconducting coils, and quantum fluxoid physics, magnetic flux is categorized across four major engineering unit families: International System of Units (SI metric fundamental: Weber / Wb, Milliweber / mWb, Microweber / μWb, Volt-Second / V·s, Tesla Square Meter / T·m2), CGS Electromagnetic System units (Maxwell / Mx, Line, Kiloline, Megaline, Gauss Square Centimeter), Fundamental Quantum Physics Constants (Magnetic Flux Quantum / Φ0 = h ÷ 2e), and Historical Magnetic Units (Unit Pole, Tesla Square Centimeter).
Our free online Magnetic Flux Converter provides instant, high-precision conversions across all SI metric, CGS Maxwell, transformer core, and quantum fluxoid units:
- Volt-Second & Tesla Square Meter to Weber [SI Fundamental Identity]:
1 V·s = 1 T·m2 = 1.0 Weber (Wb)(100% mathematically identical derived SI base units). - Maxwell (Mx), Line & Gauss Square Centimeter to Weber [CGS Standard]: Multiply Maxwells by
1.0 × 10-8(1 Maxwell = 1 Line = 1 G·cm2 = 1.0 × 10-8 Wb = 10.0 Nanowebers nWb ⇒ 1 Wb = 100,000,000.0 Maxwells = 1.0 × 108 Mx = 100.0 Megalines). - Milliweber to Weber & Maxwells [Motor & Transformer Standard]: Multiply mWb by
0.001(1 mWb = 0.001 Wb = 100,000.0 Maxwells Mx = 0.10 Megalines ⇒ 1 Wb = 1,000.0 mWb). - Megaline to Weber & Maxwells [Heavy Electrical Engineering Standard]: Multiply Megalines by
0.01(1 Megaline = 1,000,000.0 Maxwells = 0.01 Wb = 10.0 mWb ⇒ 1 Wb = 100.0 Megalines). - Unit Pole to Weber & Maxwells [Historical Magnetic Unit Standard]: Multiply Unit Poles by
1.2566370614 × 10-7(1 Unit Pole = 4π × 10-8 Wb = 12.56637 Maxwells ⇒ 1 Wb = 7,957,747.15 Unit Poles). - Magnetic Flux Quantum (Φ0 = h ÷ 2e) to Weber [Quantum Physics Standard]: Multiply Φ0 by
2.067833848 × 10-15(1 Quantum Flux unit = h ÷ 2e = 2.067834 × 10-15 Wb = 2.067834 Femtowebers fWb ⇒ 1 Wb = 4.835979 × 1014 Φ0).
Master Magnetic Flux Conversion Table
The table below displays exact mathematical conversion relationships, SI Weber (Wb) multipliers, and Maxwell (Mx) equivalents relative to 1 Weber (1 Wb = 1.0 V·s = 1.0 T·m2 = 1,000 mWb = 100,000,000 Mx = 100 Megalines):
| Magnetic Flux Unit Name | Symbol | Exact Value in Webers (Wb) | mWb, Maxwell (Mx) & Megaline Equivalent | Domain & Technical Application Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Weber (Base SI Unit) | Wb |
1.0 Wb (Base SI Unit) |
1,000.0 mWb (100,000,000.0 Mx / 100.0 Megalines / 4.83598 × 1014 Φ0) |
SI Fundamental Base Unit of Total Magnetic Flux |
| 1 Volt-Second | V·s |
1.0 Wb (Identical to Weber) |
1,000.0 mWb (1.0 Wb / 1.0 × 108 Mx / 100.0 Megalines) |
Faraday Induction Voltage Integration Standard |
| 1 Tesla Square Meter | T·m2 |
1.0 Wb (Identical to Weber) |
1,000.0 mWb (1.0 Wb / 1.0 × 108 Mx / 100.0 Megalines) |
Direct Surface Area Flux Integration Metric |
| 1 Milliweber | mWb |
0.001 Wb (10-3 Wb) |
1.0 mWb (100,000.0 Mx / 0.10 Megalines / 1,000.0 μWb) |
Electric Motor Stator & Transformer Core Flux Rating |
| 1 Maxwell (CGS Flux Unit / Line) | Mx, line |
1.0 × 10-8 Wb (10-8 Wb) |
0.00001 mWb (1.0 Mx / 1.0 Line / 1.0 G·cm2 / 4.83598 × 106 Φ0) | CGS Electromagnetic System Flux Unit (IEC 1930) |
| 1 Megaline | megaline |
0.01 Wb (10-2 Wb) |
10.0 mWb (1,000,000.0 Mx / 1.0 Megaline / 10,000.0 μWb) | Heavy Electrical Power Generator & Motor Pole Standard |
| 1 Magnetic Flux Quantum (Φ0) | Φ0, h/2e |
2.06783385 × 10-15 Wb |
2.06783 × 10-12 mWb (2.06783 × 10-7 Mx / 2.0678 fWb) | Superconducting SQUID Magnetometry & Quantum Physics |
Step-by-Step Motor Pole Flux & MRI Superconducting Core Flux Example
To calculate the total magnetic flux (Φ) produced per pole in an industrial AC electric motor stator carrying 10.0 Milliwebers (Φ = 10.0 mWb), and calculate the total magnetic flux produced through the bore of a 1.5-Tesla MRI magnet with a 0.50 m2 bore area (Φ = B · A = 1.50 T × 0.50 m2 = 0.750 Wb) into Webers (Wb), Milliwebers (mWb), Maxwells (Mx), Megalines, and Quantum Flux Units (Φ0):
Step 1 (Motor Pole Flux Conversion to Webers): Φ = 10.0 mWb ÷ 1,000 = 0.010 Webers (0.010 Wb)
Step 2 (Motor Pole Flux Maxwells & Megalines): Φ = 0.010 Wb × 100,000,000 = 1,000,000.0 Maxwells (1.0 × 106 Mx = 1.0 Megaline)
Step 3 (MRI Magnet Total Flux in Milliwebers): Φ = 0.750 Wb × 1,000 = 750.0 Milliwebers (750.0 mWb)
Step 4 (MRI Magnet Maxwells & Quantum Flux Conversion): Φ = 0.750 Wb × 100,000,000 = 75,000,000.0 Maxwells (7.50 × 107 Mx = 75.0 Megalines); Φquantum = 0.750 ÷ 2.06783385 × 10-15 = 3.6268 × 1014 Quantum Flux Units (3.6268 × 1014 Φ0)
Thus, the motor pole delivers a total flux of 10.0 mWb (1.0 Megaline = 1,000,000 Mx), while the MRI magnet bore conducts 0.750 Wb (750.0 mWb = 75.0 Megalines = 3.6268 × 1014 Φ0).
Real-World Electromagnetic & Quantum Flux Benchmarks
Below is a comparative reference chart showing magnetic flux values (Φ) across SQUID sensors, Earth loops, motor poles, transformers, and MRI magnets:
| Physical System / Electromagnetic Device | Magnetic Flux in Webers (Wb) | mWb, Maxwell (Mx) & Φ0 Equivalent | Electromagnetics & Physics Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Superconducting SQUID Magnetometer Sensitivity Limit | 2.0678 × 10-14 Wb (10 Φ0) | 20.678 fWb (2.0678 × 10-6 Mx = 10.0 Φ0) | Ultra-sensitive biomagnetic heart & brain SQUID sensor detection |
| Earth Geomagnetic Flux through 1 m2 Loop Normal | 5.0 × 10-5 Wb (50 μWb) | 0.050 mWb (5,000.0 Mx = 5,000.0 Lines) | Geomagnetic field induction flux through 1 m2 surface area |
| Industrial Electric Motor Stator Pole Magnetic Flux | 0.010 Wb (10 mWb) | 10.0 mWb (1,000,000.0 Mx = 1.0 Megaline) | Standard AC induction motor per-pole magnetic flux linkage |
| High-Voltage Utility Power Grid Transformer Core Flux | 0.10 Wb (100 mWb) | 100.0 mWb (10,000,000.0 Mx = 10.0 Megalines) | Substation transformer core maximum magnetic flux capacity |
| Superconducting 1.5-Tesla MRI Magnet Bore Total Flux | 0.750 Wb | 750.0 mWb (75,000,000.0 Mx = 75.0 Megalines) | Total magnetic flux threading 0.50 m2 MRI patient bore |
History & Physics: 1831 Faraday Lines vs 1930 Maxwell & 1961 Quantum Flux (Φ0 = h ÷ 2e)
1831 Michael Faraday & Magnetic “Lines of Force”
In 1831, British scientist Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction (V = -dΦ ÷ dt). To visualize invisible magnetic fields, Faraday introduced the concept of physical “lines of force”. In 19th-century telegraphy and electrical engineering, 1 line of magnetic flux became the standard measurement unit.
1895 Weber & Maxwell Units (1 Wb = 108 Mx)
In 1930, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) officially named the CGS unit of magnetic flux the Maxwell (Mx) in honor of James Clerk Maxwell (1 Mx = 1 line = 10-8 Wb). In 1948, the 9th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) officially established the Weber (Wb), named after German physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber, as the SI derived unit of magnetic flux.
1961 Superconducting Quantum Flux Quantization (Φ0 = h ÷ 2e)
In 1961, American physicists Bascom Deaver and William Fairbank, alongside German physicists Robert Doll and Martin Näbauer, experimentally proved that magnetic flux passing through a closed superconducting loop is quantized in discrete steps: Φ0 = h ÷ 2e = 2.067833848 × 10-15 Wb. This quantum constant forms the operational foundation of SQUID magnetometers capable of detecting brain neural magnetic fields.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How do you convert Webers (Wb) to Maxwells (Mx)?
To convert Webers to Maxwells, multiply Wb by 100,000,000 (108). For example, 0.050 Wb × 100,000,000 = 5,000,000.0 Maxwells (5.0 Megalines).
How do you convert Maxwells (Mx) to Webers (Wb)?
To convert Maxwells to Webers, multiply Mx by 1.0 × 10-8 (divide by 100,000,000). For example, 250,000 Mx = 0.0025 Webers (2.50 mWb).
Is 1 Maxwell (Mx) equal to 1 Line?
Yes! 1 Maxwell (Mx) is 100% mathematically equal to 1 Line and 1 Gauss Square Centimeter (G·cm2) (1 Mx = 1 Line = 1.0 × 10-8 Wb).
What is a Megaline?
A Megaline is an engineering unit equal to 1,000,000 Maxwells (106 Mx = 0.01 Webers = 10 mWb), commonly used by power generator and motor designers.
What is the Magnetic Flux Quantum (Φ0)?
The Magnetic Flux Quantum is the fundamental physical constant of flux in superconductors: Φ0 = h ÷ 2e = 2.067833848 × 10-15 Webers (approx. 2.0678 fWb).